fluorescence microscope with a 20× objective lens eclipse ni-u  (Nikon)

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Topical administration of GLP-1 eyedrops improves retinal ganglion cell function by facilitating presynaptic GABA release in early experimental diabetes

doi: 10.4103/NRR.NRR-D-24-00001

Figure Lengend Snippet: GLP-1 enhances mIPSCs of normal RGCs in a concentration-dependent manner. (A) Schematic illustration of the experimental protocol for continuously recording mIPSCs from an RGC for 28 minutes. Data were statistically analyzed at the following time periods: 6–9 minutes of Ctrl, 15–18 minutes of GLP-1 application, and 25–28 minutes of washout. (B) Micrographs of the same retinal section taken with an infrared interferometric phase microscope (left) and a fluorescence microscope (right), showing a representative Lucifer yellow dye-filled ON-RGC with dendrite arborizations in the proximal part of the IPL. Scale bar: 10 μm. (C) Representative current traces showing the effect of 10 nM GLP-1 on GABAergic mIPSCs of an ON-RGC (top trace) and the mIPSC currents on an expanded time scale (bottom traces). (D, E) Scatterplots of mIPSC frequency and amplitude from individual recordings, demonstrating a GLP-1-mediated reversible increase in mIPSC frequency (D), but not amplitude (E) in ON-RGCs ( n = 10). (F) Representative micrographs showing a typical Lucifer yellow-filled OFF-RGC with dendrite arborizations in the distal part of the IPL. Scale bar: 10 μm. (G) Current traces showing the effect of GLP-1 on mIPSCs of an OFF-RGC. (H, I) GLP-1 reversibly incrased mIPSC frequency (H), but not amplitude (I) in OFF-RGCs ( n = 9). (J) Normalized mIPSC frequency recorded in 26 RGCs. (K) Increases in mIPSC frequencies under GLP-1 concentrations of 5, 10, and 100 nM, but not 0.05, 0.5, or 1000 nM. All data normalized to the control values obtained before GLP-1 application. Cell numbers are marked inside the bars in panels J and K. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, determined by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (D, E, H–J) and paired t -test (K). ACSF: Artificial cerebrospinal fluid; Ctrl: control; D-APV: D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid; DNQX: 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; GABA: γ-aminobutyric acid; GCL: ganglion cell layer; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; INL: inner nuclear layer; IPL: inner plexiform layer; mIPSC: miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current; RGC: retinal ganglion cell; TTX: tetrodotoxin.

Article Snippet: A series of micrographs of the entire retina were automatically captured and reconstructed using a Nikon fluorescence microscope with a 20× objective lens (Eclipse Ni-U, Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Porous granular hydrogel scaffolds biofabricated from dual-crosslinked hydrogel microparticles for breast tissue engineering

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of Printed Scaffold. (A) Images of a printed scaffold (i) before clamping, (ii) after clamping, (iii) before pressing and (iv) after pressing. (B) Photographs of the 7.5 % w/v GelMA GHS under compressing test to measure the Young's moduli. (C) Young's moduli (kPa) of 7.5 % w/v GelMA bulk hydrogel scaffolds (blue) and GelMA HMPs scaffolds (orange) before (dash column) and after (solid column) swelling in PBS for 24 h n ≥ 3. (D) Stereo microscope images and SEM images of freeze-dried printed scaffolds, (E)laser microscope images, height distribution heatmap and 3D reconstruction heatmap of printed scaffolds using 7.5 % w/v GelMA granular hydrogel with the microparticles diameter at 200, 300 and 400 nm. (F) Permeability test by adding 100 μL red dye solution and the infiltration depth at different timepoint. (G) Solution retention volume test by adding dropwise 10 μL red dye solution until residue liquid was seen on the glass slide. The black arrow shows the residue liquid. (H) 3D confocal projection of printed scaffolds using 7.5 % w/v GelMA granular hydrogel with the microparticles diameter at 200, 300 and 400 nm. Pores was images by incubating the scaffolds with 0.2 mg/mL high-molecular weight fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran (70 kDa). Pore fraction and, number of pores and pore size were assessed by detecting the pore spaces in 2D slices using ImageJ. n ≥ 3, ns = none sense, ∗p < 0.1, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Images were captured using a digital light microscope (ECLIPSE Ni, Nikon).

Techniques: Microscopy, Permeability, Residue, High Molecular Weight, Labeling, Pore Size